Facile green synthesis of Ag doped TiO2 nanoparticles using maple leaf for bisphenol-A degradation and its antibacterial properties

Rapid progress is being made in the creation of materials using biosynthetic methods within the framework of environmentally friendly chemistry. This study presented an unconventional and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of silver-doped TiO2 (Ag–TiO2) nanoparticles using maple leaves as an excellent starting material. The synthesis process ingeniously involves combining maple leaf extract with silver and titanium dioxide precursors. Using advanced characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), reveals the characteristic crystal structure, surface complexity and fascinating morphology of the nanoparticles. These results explain the remarkable catalytic ability of Ag–TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in effectively degrading BPA under visible and ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. Ag–TiO2 NPs show the BPA degradation of 94.42% (visible) and 96.83% (UV). In addition, these nanoparticles demonstrate remarkable ability to combat a wide range of threatening pathogenic bacteria. The doping of Ag into TiO2 reveals the enhancement of inhibition growth against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli). This work opens up broad potential for applications in the treatment of BPA-containing wastewater and the development of environmentally friendly antimicrobial materials.