Nanofibrillated collagen fiber networks for enhanced air purification

removal and nearly doubling formaldehyde elimination. These filters also exhibit robust antimicrobial properties, capturing and inactivating over 99% of bacterial aerosols. Life-cycle assessments demonstrate their biodegradability and cost-effectiveness, showcasing strong potential for large-scale production. This approach not only advances the use of nature-derived collagen fibers for air purification but also opens possibilities for broader applications, including nanomaterial separation and water purification.