Injectable Conductive Hydrogel Containing Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Inhibits the Oxidative Stress-Inflammation Chain during Myocardial Infarction

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death from cardiovascular disease worldwide. In MI, the loss of blood perfusion causes the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lead to persistent damage to myocardial cells, such as inflammation. Recently, some biomaterials that can clear excessive ROS and exert anti-inflammatory effects were reported for the treatment of MI. Based on previous studies, emerging two-dimensional nanomaterials, such as black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNs), have a remarkable ability to scavenge ROS. Interestingly, the biodegradability of BPNs is also excellent. In this study, we loaded polydopamine (PDA)-modified BPNs, which enhance the stability of BPNs to a large extent, into an alginate-hyaluronic acid hydrogel (ALGHA) to construct a conducive and injectable microenvironment control platform after MI. The ALGHA-BP-PDA hydrogel exhibited good biocompatibility, and the loaded BP-PDA displayed the ability to continuously capture ROS, which could well regulate oxidative stress in the progression of MI. The clearance of excessive ROS inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by downregulating the phosphorylation of IκBα in cardiomyocytes, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response. In summary, the BP-PDA functional microenvironment control platform provides an innovative therapeutic idea for MI therapy.