Electromechanical Stability and Transmission Behavior of Transparent Conductive Films for Biomedical Optoelectronic Devices

The application of transparent conductive films to flexible biomedical optoelectronics is limited by stringent requirements on the candidate materials' electromechanical and optical properties as well as their biological performance. Thin films of graphene and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) are sought as mechanically flexible alternatives to traditional indium tin oxide (ITO). However, they require more understanding of their suitability for biomedical optoelectronic devices in terms of transmission behavior and electromechanical stability. This study shows that the relative increase in sheet resistance under cyclic loading for ITO, graphene, and PEDOT:PSS was $3546\pm3908\%,12\pm2.7\%$ , and $62\pm 68\%$ , respectively. Moreover, graphene and PEDOT:PSS showed a transmission uniformity of 9.3% and 36.3% (380–2000 nm), respectively, compared with ITO film (61%). Understanding the optical, electrical, and mechanical limits of the transparent conductive films facilitates the optimization of flexible optoelectronic designs to fit multiple biomedical research and clinical applications.