A changeable critical state for a switchable photocurrent direction via the photo-electrochemical photocurrent polarity switching effect in BiFeO 3 nanoparticulate films

addition of inert salt) and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in an electrolyte medium are noted to dictate the potential corresponding to the critical state. Importantly, we demonstrate that this potential can be predicted using the Nernst equation by considering electrolyte energy level rearrangement and the kinetic theory of semiconductor electrodes. This study enhances the understanding of carrier transport in PEC activities and enables precise control over the reversal of the photocurrent direction that may pave the way for developing sophisticated multifunctional photoelectric devices and efficient photo-electrocatalyst systems.