Research advance in the distribution and ecotoxicological effects of microcystins in aquatic ecosystem.

Cyanotoxins produced by the toxic cyanobacteria is a great threat to global freshwater ecosystems, with hepatotoxic microcystins (MCs) as the most widely distributed and harmful ones. MCs have negative impacts on the structure, function and stability of aquatic ecosystems, posing threats to human health. In this study, we reviewed the distribution of MCs in waterbody, sediments, and different groups of aquatic animals. The toxicity mechanisms of MCs were also reviewed. The ecotoxicological effects of MCs on aquatic animals, aquatic and terrestrial plants, human health risk were summarized. Several biological methods about the prevention and control of MCs were mentioned. Many aspects about MCs that need to be further studied were proposed, aiming to provide a scientific basis for risk assessment and management of MCs.有毒蓝藻产生的蓝藻毒素对淡水生态系统构成了严重的全球性环境威胁,其中微囊藻毒素(MCs)是所有蓝藻毒素中分布最广、危害最大的一类肝毒素。MCs已对水生态系统的结构、功能和稳定性造成了不良影响,并对人类健康构成威胁。本文综述了当前MCs在水体、沉积物和水生动物体内的分布,以及MCs的生物毒性机制,在此基础上,总结了MCs对水生动物、水生植物及陆生植物的生态毒理效应,及其引发的人类健康风险,并关注了MCs的生物防治方法。最后,针对当前MCs相关研究领域中存在的不足提出展望,旨在为淡水水体中MCs的风险评估与治理管控提供参考。.