Effect of Dietary Lipid Level and Protein Energy Ratio on Growth and Body Composition of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides

Journal of the World Aquaculture SocietyVolume 36, Issue 1 p. 129-134 Free to Read Effect of Dietary Lipid Level and Protein Energy Ratio on Growth and Body Composition of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides Leigh Anne Bright, Leigh Anne Bright Kentucky State University, Aquaculture Research Center, 103 Athletic Drive, Frankfort, Kentucky, 40601, USASearch for more papers by this authorShawn D. Coyle, Shawn D. Coyle Kentucky State University, Aquaculture Research Center, 103 Athletic Drive, Frankfort, Kentucky, 40601, USASearch for more papers by this authorJames H. Tidwell, James H. Tidwell Kentucky State University, Aquaculture Research Center, 103 Athletic Drive, Frankfort, Kentucky, 40601, USASearch for more papers by this author Leigh Anne Bright, Leigh Anne Bright Kentucky State University, Aquaculture Research Center, 103 Athletic Drive, Frankfort, Kentucky, 40601, USASearch for more papers by this authorShawn D. Coyle, Shawn D. Coyle Kentucky State University, Aquaculture Research Center, 103 Athletic Drive, Frankfort, Kentucky, 40601, USASearch for more papers by this authorJames H. Tidwell, James H. Tidwell Kentucky State University, Aquaculture Research Center, 103 Athletic Drive, Frankfort, Kentucky, 40601, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 03 April 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2005.tb00139.xCitations: 54AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract A feeding trial was conducted in aquaria with juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides to examine the effects of increasing dietary lipid levels on growth and body composition. Feed-trained largemouth bass fingerlings were graded to a similar size (16.3 ± 2.4 g) and randomly stocked into 15 113.6-L glass aquaria at 25 fish/aquarium. Fingerlings were fed twice daily to apparent satiation with one of five isonitrogenous extruded experimental diets based on practical ingredients. Diets contained approximately 40% crude protein and either 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20% added lipid. Due to background lipids in the ingredients, this equated to total lipid levels of 7, 10, 16, 20, and 23%, respectively. These diets had protein to energy ratios of 137, 120, 106, 95, and 86 mg/kcal, respectively. There were three replicate aquaria per dietary treatment. After 12 wk, there were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in average weight (g), specific growth rate (% body weight/d), survival (%), or protein efficiency ratio (PER, %) among fish fed the five diets, which averaged 79.3 ± 5.6, 1.9 ± 0.1, 99.5 ± 1.5, and 2.11 ± 0.19, respectively. Juvenile largemouth bass fed diets containing 15 and 20% added lipid had significantly lower (P± 0.05) feed conversion ratios (FCR) (1.1 ± 0.0 and 1.1 ± 0. 1, respectively) than fish fed diets containing 0, 5, and 10% added lipid (1.4 ± 0.1, 1.3 ± 0. 1, and 1.3 ± 0.2, respectively). Proximate analysis of whole body samples indicated a significantly higher (P ± 0.05) lipid content in fish fed 15 and 20% added lipid compared to fish fed lower lipid levels. While FCR was lowest in fish fed the 15 and 20% added lipid diets, increased whole body lipid deposition may indicate that these levels are above optimal levels for juvenile largemouth bass. It appears that 7–16% total dietary lipid (P/E:137–106 mg/kcal) is sufficient to support efficient growth without impacting body composition in juvenile largemouth bass when fed a diet containing 40% crude protein. Literature Cited Anderson, R. J., E. W. Kleinholz, and S. A. Flickinger 1981. Protein requirements of smallmouth bass and largemouth bass. Journal of Nutrition 111: 1085–1097. 10.1093/jn/111.6.1085 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Cho, C.Y. and B. Woodward 1989. Studies on the protein-to-energy ratio in diets for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). European Association for Animal Production Publication 43. Wageningen , Netherlands , Netherlands . Google Scholar Coyle, S. D., J. H. Tidwell, and C. D. Webster 2000. Response of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides to dietary supplementation of lysine, methionine, and highly unsaturated fatty acids. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 31: 89–95. 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2000.tb00702.x Web of Science®Google Scholar Daniels, W. H. and E. H. Robinson 1986. Protein and energy requirements of red drum. Aquaculture 53: 232–243. 10.1016/0044-8486(86)90354-6 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar El-Sayed, A. M. 1987. Protein and energy requirments of Tilapia zillii. Doctoral dissertation. Michigan State University, East Lansing , Michigan , USA . Google Scholar Garling, D. L. and R.P. Wilson 1976. Optimum dietary protein to energy ratio for channel catfish fingerlings, Ictalurus punctatus. Journal of Nutrition 106: 1368–1375. 10.1093/jn/106.9.1368 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Gaylord, T. G. and D. M. Gatlin III 2000. Dietary lipid level but not L-carnitine affects growth performance of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops×M. saxatilis). Aquaculture 190: 237–246. 10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00404-X CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Goodwin, A. E., D. M. Tieman, R. T. Lochmann, and A. J. Mitchell 2000. Massive hepatic necrosis and nodular regeneration in largemouth bass fed feeds high in available carbohydrate. Page 16 in R. C. Cipriano 25th Annual Eastern Fish Health Workshop, Plymouth , Massachusetts , USA . Web of Science®Google Scholar Jobling, M., A. V. Larsen, B. Andreassen, and R. L. Olsen 2001. Adiposity and growth of post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture Research 33: 533–541. 10.1046/j.1365-2109.2002.00738.x Web of Science®Google Scholar Lovell, R. T. 1989. Nutrition and feeding of fish. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York , New York , USA . 10.1007/978-1-4757-1174-5 Google Scholar National Research Council (NRC). 1993. Nutrient requirements of fish. National Academy Press, Washington , DC , USA . Google Scholar Nematipour, G. R., M. L. Brown, and D. M. Gatlin III 1992. Effects of dietary energy:protein ratio on growth characteristics and body composition of hybrid striped bass, Morone chrysops×M. saxatilis. Aquaculture 107: 359–368. 10.1016/0044-8486(92)90083-W CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Steel, R. G. D. and J. H. Torrie 1980. Principles and procedures of statistics, 2nd edition. McGraw-Hill, New York , New York , USA . Google Scholar Takeuchi, T., T. Wantanabe, and C. Ogino 1979. Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for carp. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 45: 983–987. 10.2331/suisan.45.983 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Tidwell, J. H., S. D. Coyle, and T. A. Woods 2000. Species profile largemouth bass. SRAC Publication 722, Stoneville, Mississippi , USA . Google Scholar Tidwell, J. H., C. D. Webster, and S. D. Coyle 1996. Effects of dietary protein level on second year growth and water quality for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) raised in ponds. Aquaculture 145: 213–223. 10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01356-7 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Watanabe, W. O., S. C. Ellis, and J. Chaves 2001. Effects of dietary lipid and energy to protein ratio on growth and feed utilization of juvenile mutton snapper Lutjanus analis fed isonitrogenous diets at two temperatures. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 32(1): 30–40. 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2001.tb00919.x Web of Science®Google Scholar Webster, C. D., L. G. Tiu, J. H. Tidwell, P. van Wyke, and R. D. Howerton 1995. Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth and body composition of sunshine bass (Morone chrysops×M. saxatilis) reared in cages. Aquaculture 131: 291–301. 10.1016/0044-8486(94)00346-P CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Zar, J. H. 1984. Biostatistical analysis, 2nd edition. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey , USA . Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume36, Issue1March 2005Pages 129-134 ReferencesRelatedInformation