脑电图
重性抑郁障碍
心理学
萧条(经济学)
生物标志物
先证者
荟萃分析
心理信息
非典型忧郁症
临床心理学
听力学
精神科
内科学
医学
梅德林
心情
遗传学
生物
生物化学
基因
经济
突变
宏观经济学
作者
Vivek Pillai,David A. Kalmbach,Jeffrey A. Ciesla
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.07.016
摘要
Background Research on whether any electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep abnormalities observed among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) represent genetic biomarkers remains inconclusive. We aimed to identify EEG-based biomarkers of MDD through a review of studies from three populations: individuals with MDD, individuals with MDD under remission, and never depressed high-risk probands (HRPs) of individuals with MDD. Methods We searched databases such as MEDLINE and PsycINFO for EEG studies published since 1970. Of the 886 records, our selection criteria identified 56 studies that employed standardized EEG scoring procedures and addressed confounds such as participant reactivity and drug effects. We then used fixed-effects models to calculate average weighted mean differences in EEG parameters between clinical groups across these studies. Results Individuals with MDD differed significantly from control subjects on several EEG variables. However, remitted individuals showed normalization of all affected EEG parameters except rapid eye movement (REM) density and slow-wave sleep (SWS). Surprisingly, proportion of SWS was significantly shorter during remission than depression. Never-depressed HRPs also exhibited significantly elevated REM density and reduced SWS. Finally, these parameters constituted the only two EEG variables that were not moderated by depression severity. Conclusions Individuals experiencing MDD and those in remission exhibit increased REM density and shortened SWS, as do HRPs with no history of MDD. Thus, this combination of EEG features may represent a genetic biomarker of MDD. Further, SWS appears to be shorter during remission than depression, suggesting its role as both a genetic marker as well as a biological scar of the disorder. Research on whether any electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep abnormalities observed among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) represent genetic biomarkers remains inconclusive. We aimed to identify EEG-based biomarkers of MDD through a review of studies from three populations: individuals with MDD, individuals with MDD under remission, and never depressed high-risk probands (HRPs) of individuals with MDD. We searched databases such as MEDLINE and PsycINFO for EEG studies published since 1970. Of the 886 records, our selection criteria identified 56 studies that employed standardized EEG scoring procedures and addressed confounds such as participant reactivity and drug effects. We then used fixed-effects models to calculate average weighted mean differences in EEG parameters between clinical groups across these studies. Individuals with MDD differed significantly from control subjects on several EEG variables. However, remitted individuals showed normalization of all affected EEG parameters except rapid eye movement (REM) density and slow-wave sleep (SWS). Surprisingly, proportion of SWS was significantly shorter during remission than depression. Never-depressed HRPs also exhibited significantly elevated REM density and reduced SWS. Finally, these parameters constituted the only two EEG variables that were not moderated by depression severity. Individuals experiencing MDD and those in remission exhibit increased REM density and shortened SWS, as do HRPs with no history of MDD. Thus, this combination of EEG features may represent a genetic biomarker of MDD. Further, SWS appears to be shorter during remission than depression, suggesting its role as both a genetic marker as well as a biological scar of the disorder.
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