Unique Optoelectronic Properties and Applications of Lead‐Free Perovskites and Derivatives

The pursuit of lead‐free alternatives to lead halide perovskites has gained significant momentum due to the environmental concerns associated with lead toxicity. The adverse effects of lead on human health and the environment have prompted a shift toward developing sustainable and eco‐friendly perovskite materials for various optoelectronic devices. This shift is particularly vital in emerging technologies where perovskites play a crucial role, such as solar cells, X‐ray detectors, photodetectors, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), etc. Consequently, it is paramount to understand the fundamental properties, synthesis methods, and structural characteristics of lead‐free perovskites. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the intricate relationship between the structures and properties of lead‐free perovskites, shedding light on their applications across diverse fields. The focus on environmentally benign, high‐performing, and lead‐free perovskite materials underscores the urgency and significance of research efforts in driving the development of sustainable and efficient optoelectronic technologies.