Cardiometabolic multimorbidity in relation to the metabolic score for insulin resistance and creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio in a middle-aged and aged population

METS-IR is a robust independent predictor of CMM in both community and hospitalized populations, while CCR's role is context-dependent. The MRII enhances CMM risk stratification, highlighting the value of concurrent assessment of metabolic and muscle-renal status for CMM prevention and personalized risk management.