A comprehensive review on the thermal management of solar panels

There is now a pressing requirement to utilize sustainable energy sources, specifically solar energy, and employ photovoltaic modules for large-scale power generation. This is due to their convenient installation process and environmentally friendly nature. However, it is important to acknowledge that these systems also possess certain limitations. One of the disadvantages of these systems is that the conversion efficiency does not exceed 25% of the value of the incoming radiation. They are also exposed to direct sunlight during installation, which leads to the remaining radiation being absorbed within the panel structure and converted into thermal energy. As a result, the plate temperature rises above the standard temperature, resulting in reduced efficiency. The use of temperature control techniques is essential to ensure proper operation and efficiency, particularly in hot regions. Numerous specialists have undertaken comprehensive research on diverse approaches to improve the effectiveness of solar energy generation systems. This piece presents a comprehensive review of the various cooling technologies that may be used for solar energy systems (PV). The use of water and air cooling, phase-change, and other methods are some of the various passive and active tactics that are included into the cooling system. Subcategories are complicated subcategories that exist inside each category. In addition, the topics that are discussed include heat sinks, convection, and air collectors, as well as the incorporation of PCM, heat pipes, and several other cutting-edge technologies. Each of these methodologies is exemplified with precise graphics and extensively examined and contrasted. Moreover, this work introduces a novel categorization approach for cooling techniques employed in photovoltaic (PV) panels, offering essential direction for future investigations and knowledge for enhancing efficiency.