Therapeutic values and nutraceutical properties of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes): A review

Mushrooms are generally regarded as useful products with multiple applications in the food and health industry. Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) is one of the most cultured and consumed mushrooms around the world. With more complexity in medical science and phenomenon like antibiotic resistance, have led to the search for alternatives for disease treatment and prevention. Shiitake mushroom is nutritionally rich and contains numerous minerals (Potassium, Manganese, Magnesium, Iron, and Phosphorus) and vitamins (pro-vitamin D2, vitamin B1, B2, B6, B12, and niacin) which make it a potential source of nutrition. Shiitake mushrooms contain essential macro and micronutrients as well as many bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, antioxidants, dietary fiber, and ergosterol. Bioactive compounds can be helpful for maintaining the good health of the users and preventing them from diseases. Shiitake mushroom contains phenolics, polysaccharides, sterols, that play role in bodily functions resulting in improved health of the individuals. The review has focused to uncover the therapeutic potential of L.edodes and description of several nutraceutical properties of the shiitake mushroom that can be helpful in preventing and treating diseases. The properties like antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, antioxidant, etc. are discussed in this review with more focus on the latest update in this context. It has been observed that the shiitake mushroom is one of the useful foods that can confer multiple beneficial effects on the user. Because of presence of many bioactive compounds, it can simultaneously act as an antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer/antitumor, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, anticholesterol, antioxidative, antiaging, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory agent. Nevertheless, the factors like mushroom strain, growth conditions, substrate, extraction method and temperature also influence the outcomes of the studies. Moreover, the results in non-human subjects, such as animals, have shown positive outcomes but further research is required because of varying results. Importantly, the evidence of beneficial effects of Shiitake in humans is scarce and clinical studies are required.