A Comprehensive Review on Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry of Mylabris, and Pharmacology of Cantharidin

Mylabris, the dried body of the Chinese blister beetle, has been utilized in traditional medicine across Asia, Europe, South Africa, and North America for the treatment of tumors, carbuncles, and scrofula. Phytochemical studies revealed cantharidin and its derivatives as the main constituents. Mylabris extracts and its phytochemicals have demonstrated promising pharmacological efficacy, including anti‐tumor, cardiovascular protective, anti‐osteoporosis, anti‐diabetic, and anti‐leishmanial properties. Despite its extensive history of medicinal use and promising therapeutic potential, comprehensive reviews addressing the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Mylabris are still limited. This review aims to provide a detailed and systematic overview of ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry of Mylabris, as well as pharmacology of cantharidin, highlighting the potential of Mylabris as a source of novel therapeutic agents. By summarizing the research findings, this review seeks to enhance the scientific understanding of Mylabris, support its rational clinical application, and guide future research directions, ultimately contributing to the development of new and effective treatments for various diseases.