OsNAC120 balances plant growth and drought tolerance by integrating GA and ABA signaling in rice

The crosstalk between gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling is crucial for balancing plant growth and adaption to environmental stress. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of their mutual antagonism still remains to be fully clarified. In this study, we found that knockout of the rice NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) transcription factor gene OsNAC120 inhibits plant growth but enhances drought tolerance, whereas OsNAC120 overexpression produces the opposite results. Exogenous GA can rescue the semi-dwarf phenotype of osnac120 mutants, and further study showed that OsNAC120 promotes GA biosynthesis by transcriptionally activating the GA biosynthetic genes OsGA20ox1 and OsGA20ox3. The DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1) interacts with OsNAC120 and impedes its transactivation ability, and GA treatment can remove the inhibition of transactivation activity caused by SLR1. On the other hand, OsNAC120 negatively regulates rice drought tolerance by repressing ABA-induced stomatal closure. Mechanistic investigation revealed that OsNAC120 inhibits ABA biosynthesis via transcriptional repression of the ABA biosynthetic genes OsNCED3 and OsNCED4. Rice OSMOTIC STRESS/ABA-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 9 (OsSAPK9) physically interacts with OsNAC120 and mediates its phosphorylation, which results in OsNAC120 degradation. ABA treatment accelerates OsNAC120 degradation and reduces its transactivation activity. Together, our findings provide evidence that OsNAC120 plays critical roles in balancing GA-mediated growth and ABA-induced drought tolerance in rice. This research will help us to understand the mechanisms underlying the trade-off between plant growth and stress tolerance and to engineer stress-resistant, high-yielding crops.