Self-Healing Superwetting Surfaces, Their Fabrications, and Properties

The research on superwetting surfaces with a self-healing function against various damages has progressed rapidly in the recent decade. They are expected to be an effective approach to increasing the durability and application robustness of superwetting materials. Various methods and material systems have been developed to prepare self-healing superwetting surfaces, some of which mimic natural superwetting surfaces. However, they still face challenges, such as being workable only for specific damages, external stimulation to trigger the healing process, and poor self-healing ability in the water, marine, or biological systems. There is a lack of fundamental understanding as well. This article comprehensively reviews self-healing superwetting surfaces, including their fabrication strategies, essential rules for materials design, and self-healing properties. Self-healing triggered by different external stimuli is summarized. The potential applications of self-healing superwetting surfaces are highlighted. This article consists of four main sections: (1) the functional surfaces with various superwetting properties, (2) natural self-healing superwetting surfaces (i.e., plants, insects, and creatures) and their healing mechanism, (3) recent research development in various self-healing superwetting surfaces, their preparation, wetting properties in the air or liquid media, and healing mechanism, and (4) the prospects including existing challenges, our views and potential solutions to the challenges, and future research directions.