材料科学
纳米颗粒
纳米技术
纳米棒
肺表面活性物质
胶体金
纳米晶
聚合物
纳米材料
拉曼散射
钝化
表面改性
纳米线
拉曼光谱
化学工程
复合材料
工程类
物理
光学
图层(电子)
作者
Matthew A. Wall,Stefan Harmsen,Soumik Pal,Lihua Zhang,Gianluca Arianna,John R. Lombardi,Charles Michael Drain,Moritz F. Kircher
标识
DOI:10.1002/adma.201605622
摘要
Gold nanoparticles have unique properties that are highly dependent on their shape and size. Synthetic methods that enable precise control over nanoparticle morphology currently require shape‐directing agents such as surfactants or polymers that force growth in a particular direction by adsorbing to specific crystal facets. These auxiliary reagents passivate the nanoparticles' surface, and thus decrease their performance in applications like catalysis and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering. Here, a surfactant‐ and polymer‐free approach to achieving high‐performance gold nanoparticles is reported. A theoretical framework to elucidate the growth mechanism of nanoparticles in surfactant‐free media is developed and it is applied to identify strategies for shape‐controlled syntheses. Using the results of the analyses, a simple, green‐chemistry synthesis of the four most commonly used morphologies: nanostars, nanospheres, nanorods, and nanoplates is designed. The nanoparticles synthesized by this method outperform analogous particles with surfactant and polymer coatings in both catalysis and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering.
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