Supramolecular Phthalocyanine Assemblies for Improved Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy

Phototheranostic nanoplatforms are of particular interest for cancer diagnosis and imaging-guided therapy. Herein, we develop a supramolecular approach to fabricate a nanostructured phototheranostic agent through the direct self-assembly of two water-soluble phthalocyanine derivatives, PcS4 and PcN4. The nature of the molecular recognition between PcS4 and PcN4 facilitates the formation of nanostructure (PcS4-PcN4) and consequently enables the fabrication of PcS4-PcN4 with completely quenched fluorescence and reduced singlet oxygen generation, leading to the high photoacoustic and photothermal activity of PcS4-PcN4. In vivo evaluations suggest that PcS4-PcN4 could not only efficiently visualize a tumor with high contrast through whole-body photoacoustic imaging but also enable excellent photothermal therapy for cancer.