Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A New Tool for the Treatment of Renal Fibrosis

As chronic kidney disease progresses, kidney tissue inevitably undergoes cell loss, accumulation of extracellular matrix, and kidney tissue fibrosis, eventually leading to end-stage renal disease. With the continuous innovation of cell therapy technology, mesenchymal stem cells are used in numerous fields, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and kidney tissue injury repair. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs), a type of pluripotent stem cells, have the potential for self-renewal and proliferation with low immunogenicity and significant anti-inflammatory properties. AMSCs can promote impaired cell regeneration and remodeling in renal lesions, thus avoiding further worsening of renal disease and even blocking or reversing the process of renal fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms involved in the treatment of renal fibrosis with AMSCs and summarize the potential hazards that may exist in cell therapy.