种植
生物地球化学
自然资源经济学
农业生态系统
业务
产量(工程)
环境资源管理
利润(经济学)
比例(比率)
农业经济学
环境科学
环境经济学
生态学
经济
农业
地理
生物
地图学
微观经济学
冶金
材料科学
作者
Kenneth G. Cassman,Achim Dobermann,Daniel T. Walters
标识
DOI:10.1579/0044-7447-31.2.132
摘要
The global challenge of meeting increased food demand and protecting environmental quality will be won or lost in cropping systems that produce maize, rice, and wheat. Achieving synchrony between N supply and crop demand without excess or deficiency is the key to optimizing trade-offs amongst yield, profit, and environmental protection in both large-scale systems in developed countries and small-scale systems in developing countries. Setting the research agenda and developing effective policies to meet this challenge requires quantitative understanding of current levels of N-use efficiency and losses in these systems, the biophysical controls on these factors, and the economic returns from adoption of improved management practices. Although advances in basic biology, ecology, and biogeochemistry can provide answers, the magnitude of the scientific challenge should not be underestimated because it becomes increasingly difficult to control the fate of N in cropping systems that must sustain yield increases on the world's limited supply of productive farm land.
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