Perfectionism, perceived stress, and presleep arousal in insomnia: effects on sleep in a daily life study

Perfectionism is considered a predisposing and maintaining factor for insomnia disorder. However, previous studies were predominantly based on retrospective self-reports of sleep and have yielded mixed results. Here, we investigated associations between perfectionism, daily stress levels, pre-sleep arousal, actigraphic and sleep diary-derived sleep in insomnia using an experience sampling design.Individuals with insomnia (N = 63) reported their trait perfectionism levels and completed assessments on seven consecutive days. Momentary stress levels were reported on mobile phones at three semi-random time points each day. Pre-sleep arousal levels were rated each morning for the previous night. Sleep onset latency, total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency were assessed prospectively using actigraphic watches and sleep diaries.Perfectionism dimensions and daily stress levels did not predict self-reported or actigraphic sleep parameters. Higher levels of somatic and cognitive pre-sleep arousal were robustly associated with indicators of poorer same-night sleep. The concern over mistakes and doubts (CMD) dimension of perfectionism interacted with cognitive pre-sleep arousal in predicting self-reported sleep parameters. In the presence of higher pre-sleep arousal participants with high CMD experienced shorter self-reported TST and lower SE (both ps < .01) than on days with lower cognitive arousal.Taken together, our results did not indicate an impact of heightened perfectionism levels on sleep in individuals with insomnia, based on prospective sleep assessments. However, our findings provide further evidence for the role of somatic and cognitive pre-sleep arousal, potentially interacting with perfectionism, in the perpetuation of insomnia symptoms.