Affinity maturation of antibodies using phage display

Abstract Protocols described in this section will deal with alteration of the properties of existing antibodies, formatted as scFv and displayed on bacteriophage. Although the title implies a focus on improving affinities, provisions are made for alteration in off-rate and specificity. Where the aim of the ‘matura tion’ process is a shift in specificity, this can be achieved by introducing bias into the selection process.