Clinical Benefits of 4D-DSA for Analyzing the Angioarchitecture of Brain AVMs Compared with Traditional DSA Techniques: A Systematic and Critical Review of the Literature

On the basis of current experience, 4D-DSA has demonstrated notable clinical benefits compared with traditional DSA techniques for analyzing the angioarchitecture of bAVMs. Further investigations should focus on enhancing the study design, optimizing image protocols, and increasing 4D-DSA capability, especially for larger bAVMs.