Recent Advances in Three-Component Synthesis of Difluorinated Compounds

The three-component reaction offers a convenient method for synthesizing difluorinated compounds. In this review, we classify and discuss synthetic methodologies developed over the past decade (2014-2024) into three categories: (a) radical reactions, (b) difluorocarbene-mediated fluorination, and (c) other reaction types, including those using nucleophilic and electrophilic fluorine reagents. Various reagents such as AgF, pyridine·9HF, Selectfluor II, TMSCF3, TMSCF2Br, TMSCF2PO(OEt)2, RCF3, (CFCO)2O, ClCF2H, ClCF2CO2Na, CF2HSO2Na, [Ph3PCF2H]Br, ClCF2Cl, BrCF2R, ICF2COAr, and BrCF2CO2Et will be discussed.