Acoustofluidic Fabrication of Calcium Pyrophosphate-Enzyme Nanocatalysts for Oral Treatment of Metabolic Disorders

∼ 2.5 years) and resistance to degradation in gastrointestinal fluids, addressing the critical limitations of free enzymes in oral delivery. In murine models of alcohol intoxication, hyperuricemia, and diabetes, oral administration of these nanocatalyst capsules results in substantial reductions in uric acid, alcohol, and blood glucose levels, demonstrating their therapeutic potential for metabolic disorder regulation. The acoustofluidic synthesis method establishes a versatile and scalable platform for the development of enzyme-based therapies, offering transformative potential for clinical applications and advancing the field of catalytic medicine.