Electricity Price and Dynamic Carbon Emission Factor Guided Bi-level Optimization Model for Demand Response of Integrated Energy System

¹ —: The power sector is the largest contributor to carbon emissions, accounting for 40% of the emissions. Urgent action is required to reduce these emissions. This paper proposes a bi-level optimization model for integrated energy systems(IES) on demand response(DR) on the consumer side, utilizing the carbon emission flow(CEF) theory and demand response principles. The model is guided by electricity price and dynamic carbon emission factor(DCEF). The upper layer bases on the optimal schedule then constructs a carbon flow tracking model for the power grid and thermal network to obtain the DCEF. The lower layer optimizes consumer energy consumption plans by using electricity price and DCEF as guiding mechanisms, to minimize carbon emissions. The simulation results show that the upper model and lower model interact with each other to optimize the DCEF and the user's consumption behaviors, and to motivate the user to reduce carbon and reduce the system's.