Battery Technologies Comparison for Electric Vehicles

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the recent advancements in lithium ion (Li-ion), lead acid, and nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries utilized in electric vehicles (EVs). Methods: The study considered in improving the batteries’ performance concerning energy and power densities, safety, and cost. Various methods reported have been analysed and compared. Findings: For Li-ion batteries, researchers have developed new cathode and anode materials such as silicon, lithium-sulfur, and lithium-air. Solid-state electrolytes have also been explored to improve safety and longevity. In contrast, research on lead acid batteries has focused on enhancing their cycling performance, reducing their size and weight, and increasing efficiency. Finally, for NiMH batteries, researchers have developed nickel-cobalt-manganese cathodes to enhance energy and power densities. Recent research has been successful in improving battery performance for all three types. The use of silicon anodes and lithium-sulfur cathodes has resulted in significant improvements in energy density for Li-ion batteries. Additionally, carbon additives and new separator materials have improved cycling performance and efficiency for lead acid batteries. The use of nickelcobalt- manganese cathodes has led to improved energy and power densities for NiMH batteries. Novelty: The emphasizes for the development of new materials and technologies that address the limitations of existing battery technologies, thereby making EVs more practical and competitive with gaspowered vehicles. We have supported this review with a simple simulation of the batteries mentioned above, to explain their operation. Keywords: Batteries Comparison; Lead Acid; Ni Mh; Li-Ion; DC Motor