航空
航空学
风险感知
航空安全
毒物控制
航空事故
人为因素与人体工程学
伤害预防
形势意识
航空医学
飞行模拟器
飞行训练
恶劣天气
自杀预防
心理学
职业安全与健康
空中交通管制
应用心理学
感知
工程类
气象学
模拟
环境卫生
医学
地理
病理
神经科学
航空航天工程
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jsr.2023.11.020
摘要
Introduction: Continuing flight into adverse weather remains a significant problem in general aviation (GA) safety. A variety of experiential, cognitive, and motivational factors have been suggested as explanations. Previous research has shown that adverse weather accidents occur further into planned flights than other types of accident, suggesting that previous investment of time and effort might be a contributing factor. The aim of this study was to experimentally determine the effect of prior commitment on general aviation pilots’ decision-making and risk-taking in simulated VFR flights. Method: Thirty-six licensed pilots ‘flew’ two simulated flights designed to simulate an encounter with deteriorating coastal weather and a developing extensive cloud base underneath the aircraft as it crossed a mountain range. After making a decision to continue or discontinue the flight, pilots completed a range of risk perception, risk taking, and situational awareness measures. Results: Visual flight rules were violated in 42% of the flights. Prior commitment, in terms of distance already flown, led to an increased tendency to continue the flight into adverse weather in the coastal ‘scud running’ scenario. Continuing pilots perceived the risks differently and showed greater risk tolerance than others. These ‘bolder’ pilots also tended to be more active and better qualified than the others. Conclusions: There are undoubtedly multiple factors underlying any individual decision to continue or discontinue a flight. The willingness to tolerate a higher level of risk seems to be one such factor. This willingness can increase with time invested in the flight and also seems to be related to individual flight qualifications and experience. Practical Applications: All pilots might benefit from carefully structured simulator sessions designed to safely teach practical risk management strategies with clear and immediate feedback.
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