TRIM47-CDO1 axis dictates hepatocellular carcinoma progression by modulating ferroptotic cell death through the ubiquitin‒proteasome system

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant form of liver cancer, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, as well as unfavorable treatment outcomes. Tripartite motif-containing protein 47 (TRIM47) has been implicated in various diseases including tumor progression with the activity of E3 ubiquitin ligase. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms underlying the involvement of TRIM47 in HCC remain largely unexplored. Here, we provide evidence that TRIM47 exhibits heightened expression in tumor tissues, and its expression is in intimate association with clinical staging and patient prognosis. TRIM47 promotes HCC proliferation, migration, and invasion as an oncogene by in vitro gain- and loss-of-function experiments. TRIM47 knockdown results in HCC ferroptosis induction, primarily through CDO1 involvement to regulate GSH synthesis. Subsequent experiments confirm the interaction between TRIM47 and CDO1 dependent on B30.2 domain, wherein TRIM47 facilitates K48-linked ubiquitination, leading to a decrease in CDO1 protein abundance in HCC. Furthermore, CDO1 is able to counteract the promotional effect of TRIM47 on HCC biological functions. Overall, our research provides novel insight into the mechanism of TRIM47 in CDO1-mediated ferroptosis in HCC cells, highlighting its value as a potential target candidate for HCC therapeutic approaches.