Simultaneous measurements of acoustic emission and sonochemical luminescence for monitoring ultrasonic cavitation

In the present study, a novel hybrid method was considered to identify and measure inertial cavitation activity using acoustic and optical emissions from violent bubble collapses. A photomultiplier (PMT) tube and a calibrated cylindrical needle hydrophone were used to simultaneously detect sonochemical luminescence (SCL) signals and acoustic emissions, respectively, during sonication. A cylindrical focusing ultrasound transducer operating at 398.4 kHz was employed to produce a dense cavitation bubble cloud at the focus. The results clearly showed that a similar trend between the PMT output (i.e., the SCL results) and the broad band acoustic emissions started to appear at the frequencies considered above the fourth harmonic of the sonication frequency. The experimental observation suggests that the occurrence of inertial cavitation can be monitored using the high pass spectral acoustic power and the cut-off frequency can be effectively chosen with the aid of sonochemical luminescence measurement. The hybrid method is expected to be useful for cavitation dosimetry in various medical and industrial applications.