钙钛矿(结构)
材料科学
真空蒸发
光伏
真空沉积
光电子学
结晶
能量转换效率
蒸发
碘化物
光伏系统
化学工程
沉积(地质)
超高真空
基质(水族馆)
薄膜
纳米技术
无机化学
化学
工程类
古生物学
沉积物
地质学
物理
海洋学
热力学
生物
生态学
作者
Tobias Abzieher,Thomas Feeney,Fabian Schackmar,Yidenekachew J. Donie,Ihteaz M. Hossain,Jonas A. Schwenzer,Tim Hellmann,Thomas Mayer,Michael Powalla,Ulrich W. Paetzold
标识
DOI:10.1002/adfm.202104482
摘要
Abstract Vacuum‐based deposition of optoelectronic thin films has a long‐standing history. However, in the field of perovskite‐based photovoltaics, these techniques are still not as advanced as their solution‐based counterparts. Although high‐efficiency vacuum‐based perovskite solar cells reaching power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) above 20% are reported, the number of studies on the underlying physical and chemical mechanism of the co‐evaporation of lead iodide and methylammonium iodide is low. In this study, the impact of one of the most crucial process parameters in vacuum processes—the substrate material—is studied. It is shown that not only the morphology of the co‐evaporated perovskite thin films is significantly influenced by the surface polarity of the substrate material, but also the incorporation of the organic compound into the perovskite framework. Based on these studies, a selection guide for suitable substrate materials for efficient co‐evaporated perovskite thin films is derived. This selection guide points out that the organic vacuum‐processable hole transport material 2,2″,7,7″‐tetra( N , N ‐di‐p‐tolyl)amino‐9,9‐spirobifluorene is an ideal candidate for the fabrication of efficient all‐evaporated perovskite solar cells, demonstrating PCEs above 19%. Furthermore, building on the insights into the formation of the perovskite thin films on different substrate materials, a basic crystallization model for co‐evaporated perovskite thin films is suggested.
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