Why “accidents” are not accidental: Using psychological science to understand and prevent unintentional child injuries.

公共卫生 心理干预 伤害预防 自杀预防 毒物控制 预防科学 心理学 人为因素与人体工程学 偶然的 职业安全与健康 医学 环境卫生 精神科 护理部 物理 病理 声学
作者
David C. Schwebel
出处
期刊:American Psychologist [American Psychological Association]
卷期号:74 (9): 1137-1147 被引量:17
标识
DOI:10.1037/amp0000487
摘要

Injuries are the leading cause of death for American children, killing over 11,000 children in 2017. They are also a rapidly increasing public health challenge globally: The World Health Organization ranks injury as the leading cause of death globally for children Ages 5 to 18 years, and the Global Burden of Diseases project estimates over 2 million children Ages 0 to 19 years died from injuries worldwide in 2017. Unintentional injuries, sometimes referred to as "accidents" by the lay public, are generally preventable, and psychological science has much to offer in societal efforts to develop, evaluate, implement, and disseminate effective prevention strategies. I first discuss the multifaceted causes of child injuries, which can be conceptualized using classic psychological theory, such as Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, or classic injury prevention theory, such as the Haddon Matrix. In either case, behavioral risks stem from the child's developmentally influenced decisions and behaviors; the child's family, social, and physical contexts; and the child's broader cultural environments. Risks can also be conceptualized temporally, through behavioral analysis such as antecedents, behaviors, and consequences of the injury. I then present examples of behaviorally focused interventions that target the child, the adult supervisor, and the environment. In each case, I consider psychological risk factors present and the theory-based strategies that might interrupt or alter risk pathways to prevent injury events. I close with comments on the scope of injury as a global public health challenge and the central role psychologists can and should play to reduce the burden of child injury on the world's population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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