脂质微区
生物
细胞生物学
RAC1
鞘脂
NADPH氧化酶
激发子
先天免疫系统
甲壳素
免疫
活性氧
呼吸爆发
神经酰胺
生物化学
膜
信号转导
免疫系统
基因
遗传学
细胞凋亡
受体
壳聚糖
作者
Minoru Nagano,Toshiki Ishikawa,Masayuki Fujiwara,Yoichiro Fukao,Yoji Kawano,Maki Kawai‐Yamada,Ko Shimamoto
出处
期刊:The Plant Cell
[Oxford University Press]
日期:2016-07-27
卷期号:28 (8): 1966-1983
被引量:106
摘要
Numerous plant defense-related proteins are thought to congregate in plasma membrane microdomains, which consist mainly of sphingolipids and sterols. However, the extent to which microdomains contribute to defense responses in plants is unclear. To elucidate the relationship between microdomains and innate immunity in rice (Oryza sativa), we established lines in which the levels of sphingolipids containing 2-hydroxy fatty acids were decreased by knocking down two genes encoding fatty acid 2-hydroxylases (FAH1 and FAH2) and demonstrated that microdomains were less abundant in these lines. By testing these lines in a pathogen infection assay, we revealed that microdomains play an important role in the resistance to rice blast fungus infection. To illuminate the mechanism by which microdomains regulate immunity, we evaluated changes in protein composition, revealing that microdomains are required for the dynamics of the Rac/ROP small GTPase Rac1 and respiratory burst oxidase homologs (Rbohs) in response to chitin elicitor. Furthermore, FAHs are essential for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after chitin treatment. Together with the observation that RbohB, a defense-related NADPH oxidase that interacts with Rac1, is localized in microdomains, our data indicate that microdomains are required for chitin-induced immunity through ROS signaling mediated by the Rac1-RbohB pathway.
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