A Multi-Period Model for Managing Used Products in Green Supply Chain Management under Uncertainty

Green supply chain management in consequence of global warming, in particular, closed-loop logistics, has drawn the attention researchers. Moreover, accounting of uncertainty in supply chain network design will lead to more realistic problem as a result of inherent uncertain parameters such as customer demand in establishment of closed-loop logistics network design problem. This paper proposes a multi-period-stage closed-loop logistics network design under risk incorporating the strategic network design decisions along with tactical material flow to avoid sub-optimalities led from separated design in both parts. The proposed network structure includes suppliers, plants, distribution centers in forward direction and collection/inspection centers, and redistribution centers in reverse direction. The demands of first market customer zones are assumed stochastic. The problem is formulated in a mixed integer non-linear programming (SMINLP) decision making form as a multi-stage stochastic program with objective function maximizing the total expected profit.