Assessment of Photon Recycling in Perovskite Solar Cells by Fully Coupled Optoelectronic Simulation

An optical dyadic Green's function framework to describe the transverse electromagnetic fields in a planar perovskite solar-cell stack is coupled to an electronic drift-diffusion model for rigorous treatment of photon recycling in the wave-optics regime for a realistic photovoltaic device. The optical model provides the local reabsorption rate as well as a detailed-balance compatible radiative prefactor, which are used in the electronic model to achieve a self-consistent solution that yields the full optoelectronic device characteristics. The presented approach provides detailed insights into the impact of photon recycling on device performance under different regimes of charge transport and recombination and can help identify the various electronic and optical losses for nonideal, realistic devices. The global efficiency of photon recycling is quantified by defining quantum efficiencies of reabsorbed radiation, while the local efficiency can furthermore be quantified by defining an effective local radiative prefactor. The model introduced here can be used to guide the design of future devices that exploit the full potential of photon recycling.