可再生能源
生命周期评估
水热碳化
生物量(生态学)
材料科学
碳纤维
环境科学
热解
碳化
阳极
持续性
纳米技术
废物管理
电极
化学
生态学
生产(经济)
工程类
经济
复合材料
物理化学
宏观经济学
复合数
扫描电子显微镜
生物
作者
Haoyu Liu,Zhen Xu,Zhenyu Guo,Jingyu Feng,Haoran Li,Tong Qiu,Maria‐Magdalena Titirici
标识
DOI:10.1098/rsta.2020.0340
摘要
Waste management is one of the biggest environmental challenges worldwide. Biomass-derived hard carbons, which can be applied to rechargeable batteries, can contribute to mitigating environmental changes by enabling the use of renewable energy. This study has carried out a comparative environmental assessment of sustainable hard carbons, produced from System A (hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) followed by pyrolysis) and System B (direct pyrolysis) with different carbon yields, as anodes in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). We have also analysed different scenarios to save energy in our processes and compared the biomass-derived hard carbons with commercial graphite used in lithium-ion batteries. The life cycle assessment results show that the two systems display significant savings in terms of their global warming potential impact (A1: −30%; B1: −21%), followed by human toxicity potential, photochemical oxidants creation potential, acidification potential and eutrophication potential (both over −90%). Possessing the best electrochemical performance for SIBs among our prepared hard carbons, the HTC-based method is more stable in both environmental and electrochemical aspects than the direct pyrolysis method. Such results help a comprehensive understanding of sustainable hard carbons used in SIBs and show an environmental potential to the practical technologies. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bio-derived and bioinspired sustainable advanced materials for emerging technologies (part 2)’.
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