Epidemiology of Gynaecological Cancers

Gynaecological cancers refer to the malignancies of the female reproductive system that includes cancer of vulva (C51), vagina (C52), cervix uteri (C53), corpus uteri and uterus part unspecified (C54–C55), ovary(C56), fallopian tube (C57), and placenta (C58) [1, 2]. Global burden of gynaecological cancer is rising exponentially. Forecasts show an increasing trend in burden for the next 20 years [3, 4]. Globally, 1.4 million females were estimated to be newly diagnosed with gynaecological cancers in 2020 and there were 6.8 lakh deaths [3]. One in 20 women develop gynaecological cancer in their lifetime and one in 33 women die from it [1]. Disability adjusted life years (DALYS) for gynaecological cancers were estimated to be 17 million approximately, contributing one-sixth of the DALYs of all cancers among women [5]. Carcinoma cervix uteri is the most common among gynaecological cancers, accounting to 43.2% cases worldwide [6] (Fig. 1).