Switching Cathodic/Anodic Electrochemiluminescence of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ Precisely via Homogeneous Nickel Nanoparticles Crystal Facets Sites Modulated ORR/OER

pathway and consequently promoting substantial ROS generation and ECL at the cathode. Conversely, the Ni(1 1 1) and (2 0 0) surface prompt robust and stable anodic ECL via hydroxyl radical by controlling the OER. These excellent CRAs link cathodic/anodic ECL with ORR/OER, offering a novel strategy for precisely designing predictable non-precious metal CRAs. Furthermore, sensitive immunosensors were developed using these CRAs, demonstrating successful application in potential-resolved ECL analysis for practical purposes.