Multiobjective Optimization of Safety, Comfort, Fuel Economy, and Power Sources Durability for FCHEV in Car-Following Scenarios

Safety, comfort, and energy-saving oriented car-following issue for fuel cell/battery hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV) is a comprehensive problem of vehicle dynamic and fuel economy. Combining adaptive cruise control (ACC) and energy management strategy (EMS) is proven to be one promising method to realize multiobjective co-optimization. However, in majority of existing researches, degradation of power sources is always ignored and trade-off among different objectives remains a burning issue, in this article, a Pareto-based EMS under car-following scenarios is proposed. Specifically, degradation models of fuel cell/battery are established and incorporated into multiobjective optimization functions. Then, based on back-stepping technique and equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS), an integrated framework of ACC and EMS is developed, which realizes the coordination between vehicle external longitudinal dynamics control and internal powertrain energy management. For getting the trade-off among the abovementioned objectives, a Pareto-involved multiobjective optimization method is proposed to optimize control parameters of the integrated framework of ACC and EMS. The simulation results of Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) test highlight that compared with the weighted-sum methods, the proposed method can utmost reduce average tracking error by 15.14%, variation of speed by 8.61%, equivalent fuel consumption cost by 7.56%, and comprehensive power sources degradation cost by 17.78%.