Genome-Wide Identification and Evolution-Profiling Analysis of the GDSL Gene Family in Apple (Malus × domestica)

Background/Objectives: GDSL lipase is crucial for plant growth and the response to environmental stress. While GDSL gene families have been identified in some plants, a comprehensive genome-wide identification and analysis in M. domestica is lacking. Methods: In this study, we identified 131 MdGDSLs belonging to four subfamilies, distributed across 17 chromosomes in the M. domestica genome. Results: The molecular weights (MWs) of these MdGDSLs range from 14.44 to 83.26 kDa, with isoelectric points (PI) spanning from 4.32 to 10.09. Members within the same subgroup exhibit similar gene structures and conserved motifs. Furthermore, whole genome duplication (WGD) significantly contributes to the evolution of the MdGDSL gene family. The promoter regions of MdGDSL genes contain numerous cis-elements associated with abiotic stress and hormone responses. Additionally, RNA-seq data indicate that MdGDSL genes respond to high concentrations of CaCl2 and cold stress treatments. Conclusions: This study provides a theoretical foundation for further investigation into the mechanisms underlying growth, development, and lipid metabolism in response to stress in M. domestica.