医学
糖尿病性视网膜病变
糖尿病
疾病
黄斑变性
发病机制
糖尿病性黄斑水肿
模式
视网膜病变
血管内皮生长因子
生物信息学
血管内皮生长因子受体
重症监护医学
眼科
内科学
内分泌学
社会学
生物
社会科学
作者
Sofía M. Muns,Víctor M. Villegas,Harry W. Flynn,Stephen G. Schwartz
标识
DOI:10.1080/14656566.2023.2230139
摘要
Introduction Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of visual loss worldwide. The most important clinical findings include diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).Areas covered PubMed was used for our literature review. Articles from 1995 to 2023 were included. Pharmacologic treatment of diabetic retinopathy generally involves the use of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for DME and PDR. Corticosteroids remain important second-line therapies for patients with DME. Most emerging therapies focus on newly identified inflammatory mediators and biochemical signaling pathways involved in disease pathogenesis.Expert opinion Emerging anti-VEGF modalities, integrin antagonists, and anti-inflammatory agents have the potential to improve outcomes with reduced treatment burdens.
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