量子点
共轭体系
费斯特共振能量转移
光动力疗法
石墨烯
双光子激发显微术
光子
核黄素
光电子学
材料科学
纳米技术
化学
物理
荧光
光学
核磁共振
生物化学
有机化学
聚合物
作者
Amir Soleimany,Sepideh Khoee,Davoud Dastan,Zhicheng Shi,Sheng‐Tao Yu,Bruno Sarmento
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112602
摘要
The photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered as a noninvasive and photo-controlled treatment for various cancers. However, its potential is not fully developed as current clinically approved photosensitizers (PSs) mainly absorb the light in the UV–visible region (less than 700 nm), where the depth of penetration is inadequate for reaching tumor cells under deeper tissue layers. Furthermore, the lack of specific accumulation capability of the conventional PSs in the tumor cells may cause serious toxicity and low treatment efficiency. To address these problems, riboflavin (Rf) conjugated and amine-functionalized nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (am-N-GQD) are herein proposed. Rf functions as both photosensitizer and targeting ligand by indirect excitation through intra-particle fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) via two-photon (TP) excited am-N-GQD, to enhance the treatment depth, and further am-N-GQD-Rf accumulation in cancer cells using Rf transporter family (RFVTs) and Rf carrier proteins (RCPs). The one-photon (OP) and two-photon(TP)-PDT effect and cellular internalization ability of the am-N-GQD-Rf were investigated in vitro in different cancel cell lines. Besides the excellent cellular uptake as well TP-PDT capability, the superior biocompatibility of am-N-GQD-Rf in vitro makes it promising candidate in PDT.
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