Fetal cardiac remodeling in second trimester in pregnancies with pre‐eclampsia and/or fetal growth restriction: deep‐learning‐based approach using population‐wide data

Cardiac remodeling is evident as early as the second trimester, with distinct patterns of modulation in fetuses from pregnancies affected by PE vs FGR. In particular, PE is associated with an enlarged right heart and greater MPA diameter. Understanding these early differences in fetal cardiac morphology may improve risk prediction models and guide early intervention to improve long-term cardiovascular outcome. © 2025 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.