Review on the control and mitigation strategies of lake cyanobacterial blooms

由于人类活动和全球气候变化的叠加影响，湖泊富营养化和蓝藻水华仍是未来相当长一段时间内的水生态环境问题.蓝藻水华暴发会引发湖泊生态系统的灾害和饮用水安全风险，因此湖内蓝藻水华防控必不可少.现有蓝藻水华防控长效方法主要基于营养盐控制理论、浅水湖泊稳态转换理论和生物操纵理论，技术措施包括内源营养盐控制、生态修复、生物操纵.应急处置方法可以削减局部水域蓝藻水华强度，主要包括物理、化学方法.本文基于国内外研究治理案例，梳理了单项蓝藻防控技术运用的边界条件、蓝藻削减效果及防控成本.湖泊富营养化控制和蓝藻水华防控是一个长期而艰巨的系统工程，必须采取流域污染削减和湖内防控相结合的治理策略.湖泊水质与水生态的持续跟踪监测以及水质和水生态预测模型的构建，是动态调整治理方案、保障治理效果长效稳定的基础.;Lake eutrophication and cyanobacterial blooms are water ecological and environmental problems for a long time to come, due to the synergistic effects of human activities and global climate change. The outbreak of lake cyanobacterial blooms would entail water ecological risk and drinking water crisis, thus curative methods to suppress the proliferation of cyanobacteria bloom are imperative. Nutrient control, shallow lake regime shifts and biological manipulation are theoretical basis for the long-term strategies for cyanobacteria blooms prevention and control. Accordingly, external and internal nutrient loading reduction, ecological restoration and biomanipulation are sustainable control and management approaches. In addition, methods used for emergency situations can mitigate the intensity of cyanobacterial bloom, mainly including physical and chemical approaches. Based on the review of the domestic and international cases on cyanobacterial bloom control, we sort out the applicable conditions, cyanobacterial mitigation efficiency and performance cost of each approach. In fact, lake eutrophication management and cyanobacterial bloom mitigation are a long-term and systematic process. These in-lake strategies should invariably be accompanied by nutrient input reductions. The continuous monitoring of lake water quality and water ecology as well as the building of prediction model support the further adjustment of strategies and measures to ensure long-term success and sustainability.