Impacts of infrastructure construction on ecosystem services in new-type urbanization area of North China Plain

The development of China's urbanization has entered a critical period of growth with frequent occurrence of "urban diseases". Resource pressure and ecological damage drive China's urbanization to transform into an ecological civilization approach. Infrastructure construction plays a vital role in balancing economic development and ecological civilization, and is regarded as a new public policy tool to promote sustainable urban development. Based on InVEST model and econometric model, this research calculates the changes of main ecosystem services in North China Plain (NCP) from year 2000 to 2020, and analyzes the influence of the combination, scale and characteristics of infrastructure construction on ecosystem services in varying degrees under the background of transformation from new-type urbanization to ecological civilization. The results show that: (a) To a certain extent, green infrastructure delays or eliminates the effects of gray infrastructure construction on carbon storage (β=0.27), habitat quality (β=0.22), soil conservation (β=0.43), water purification (β=-0.14); (b) The higher the infrastructure developed, the greater the green infrastructure accounted, the more positive benefits for ecosystem services. While, the higher the concentration, accessibility, convenience of gray infrastructure and the lower distance of gray infrastructure, the more significant the negative impact on ecosystem services; (c) The analysis results of the measurement model point out that 1 m2 of gray infrastructure construction requires 1.5 m2 of green infrastructure to meet the services of habitat quality, soil conservation, water purification and water yield, while for carbon storage, 10 m2 of green infrastructure is needed.