Objective To investigate the imbalance Th17/Treg in deciduas of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(URSA). Methods In URSA patients and health early pregnant subjects,Th17 and Treg cells frequencies were measured by flow cytometry;while RORc and Foxp3 mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR. Results There was significant increase in decidual Th17 cell frequency and RORc mRNA level in URSA patients(P0.001).Meanwhile,there was significant reduction in decidual Treg cell frequency and Foxp3 mRNA level in URSA patients(P0.001). Conclusion The decidual Th17/Treg imbalance plays an important role in URSA.