Abstract Appraisal theory has two core theses that, we think, are shared by all those who consider themselves appraisal theorists. The first: appraisal is responsible for the elicitation of emotions. In its strong form: no appraisal, no emotion. The second: appraisal is responsible for the differentiation of emotions. In its strong form: different appraisals cause different emotions, and different emotions are caused by different appraisals. In this chapter, we will critically examine these theses.