The Effects of a Government’s Subsidy Program: Accessibility Beyond Affordability

补贴 经济盈余 经济 业务 分布(数学) 福利 社会福利 投资(军事) 政府(语言学) 公共经济学 市场经济 政治 数学分析 哲学 语言学 数学 法学 政治学
作者
Ping Xiao,Ruli Xiao,Yitian Liang,Xinlei Chen,Wei Lu
出处
期刊:Management Science [Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences]
卷期号:66 (7): 3211-3233 被引量:24
标识
DOI:10.1287/mnsc.2019.3334
摘要

Rural consumers may face not only the challenge of affordability but also the problem of limited accessibility. Can a government’s subsidy program effectively address these issues? This paper examines the impact of a large-scale subsidy program, “Household electrical appliances going to the countryside,” offered by the Chinese government. The government regulation imposes a price subsidy combined with a price ceiling on products in the program. We consider two effects of the subsidy: the retail price is lowered to make the product more affordable to consumers, and manufacturers are encouraged to expand their distribution coverage to make products more accessible to consumers. We build a dynamic model of oligopoly to study how firms adjust their distribution coverage. Conditional on the model estimates, we evaluate the program’s effects on social welfare, consumer surplus, and firms’ market performance and marketing channel decisions through counterfactual analyses. We find that the subsidy program increases social welfare by CNY 0.209 billion, as a result of a subsidy expense of CNY 0.236 billion. When breaking down the impact, we find it increases consumer surplus by CNY 0.184 billion (50%), manufacturers’ profits by CNY 0.125 billion (53%), and manufacturers’ payoffs by CNY 2.5 million (17%). Specifically, 14% (13.2%) of the consumer surplus (firm profit) increases are from changes in distribution coverage, and the rest is from the subsidy (price changes). The program’s return of investment (i.e., social welfare minus subsidy expense), which is negative, however, could be improved by applying a relatively lower subsidy rate. This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.
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