Manganese-Based Tunnel-Type Cathode Materials for Secondary Li-Ion and K-Ion Batteries

The rational design of novel cathode materials remains a key pursuit in the development of (post) Li-ion batteries. Considering the relative ionic and Stokes radii and open frameworks with large tunnels, Na-based compounds can act as versatile cathodes for monovalent Li-ion and post-Li-ion batteries. Here, tunnel-type sodium insertion material Na0.44MnO2 is demonstrated as an intercalation host for Li-ion and K-ion batteries. The rod-shaped Na0.44MnO2 was synthesized by a solution combustion method assuming an orthorhombic structure (space group Pbam), which led to Na0.11K0.27MnO2 (NKMO) and Na0.18Li0.51MnO2 (NLMO) cathodes for K-ion batteries and Li-ion batteries, respectively, via facile electrochemical ion exchange from Na0.44MnO2. These new compositions, NKMO and NLMO, exhibited capacities of ∼74 and 141 mAh g-1, respectively (at a rate of C/20), with excellent cycling stability. The underlying mechanistic aspects (structural changes and charge storage mechanism) in these cathode compositions were probed by combining ex situ structural, spectroscopy, and electrochemical tools. Tunnel-type Na0.44MnO2 forms a versatile cathode material for non-aqueous alkali-ion batteries.