生命周期评估
草原
农业
环境影响评价
影响评估
环境资源管理
空间变异性
空间生态学
环境科学
景观生态学
地理
上游(联网)
空间规划
环境规划
栖息地
生态学
生产(经济)
工程类
数学
政治学
考古
经济
宏观经济学
公共行政
统计
生物
电信
作者
Susie Ruqun Wu,Xinchao Liu,Lulu Wang,Jiquan Chen,Peiling Zhou
标识
DOI:10.1007/s10980-021-01396-3
摘要
Conventional life cycle assessment (LCA) has been increasingly criticized for lacking spatial information, especially for agricultural systems where high spatial variation and sensitivity is present. The objective of this research is twofold: first, to assess the potential environmental impacts and the production efficiency of pastoralism farming, and, second, to identify the influence of the spatial distribution of farms on the environmental impacts, if any. A cradle-to-gate spatialized agricultural LCA was conducted for 45 farms surveyed from the Hulunbuir Grassland by splitting direct onsite processes from upstream processes, adopting the spatialized characterization factors (SCFs) of IMPACT World+. Contrasting results were observed for different impact categories regarding whether upstream or onsite processes served as the environmental hotspot. While direct onsite animal emissions did not show spatial dependency at the inventory stage, its resulting impact scores demonstrated the most contrasting spatial patterns among various impact categories, depending on whether and how spatial resolution and location were introduced during the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) stage. Statistical evidence supported a high emission cluster for farms located close to Hailar city compared to a low cluster for those located further south/west of the city. A cradle-to-gate spatialized agricultural LCA was proposed and applied to assess the environmental impacts of pastoralism farming in Hulunbuir Grassland. The overall spatial dependency of the LCA results was weak at the individual farm level, if present; it depended on the interactions between the spatial variation within the life cycle inventory and the spatial resolution and location of the SCFs. Environmental burden shifting occurred between different impact categories, and the policy challenge of how to increase production efficiency in the pastoralism system remains.
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