Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire (MALQ)

The Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire (MALQ) was developed to assess second language (L2) learners' metacognitive awareness about listening strategy use and themselves as L2 listeners (Vandergrift, Goh, Mareschal,& Tafaghodtari, 2006). The questionnaire consists of 21 items that represent five areas of metacognitive awareness about L2 listening: problemsolving, planning and evaluation, mental translation, directed attention, and person knowledge. The questionnaire is administered after a listening task, and respondents are asked to self-report the strategies that they used to complete the task as well as their general feelings concerning listening in the L2. Research has found that metacognitive awareness is positively related to respondents' listening comprehension performance. The MALQ also is used to assess L2 learners' metacognitive development by researchers and instructors and as a guide for learners to reflect on their own strategy use and person knowledge.